Electronic Health Record Essay -- Information Technology

Following quite a while of paper based clinical records, another kind of record keeping has surfaced - the Electronic Health Record (EHR). EHR is an electronic or advanced arrangement idea of an individual’s over a wide span of time clinical history. It is the guideline stockpiling place for information and data about the social insurance administrations gave to an individual patient. It is kept up by a supplier after some time and fit for being shared across various social insurance settings by arrange associated data frameworks. Such records may incorporate key managerial and clinical information applicable to that people care under a specific supplier. Instances of such records may include: socioeconomics, doctor notes, issues or wounds, prescriptions and hypersensitivities, essential signs, clinical history, vaccinations, research facility information, radiology reports and charging data (www.cms.gov). The EHR’s reason can be comprehended as a total record of patien t experiences that mechanizes access to data and can possibly smooth out the clinician's work process in a medicinal services setting. It likewise can bolster other consideration related exercises legitimately or in a roundabout way through different interfaces, including proof based choice help, quality administration, and results announcing (www.cms.gov; â€Å"Electronic Health Records†, 2010). One of the fundamental motivations behind the EHR is to improve and reinforce the connection among clinicians and their patients. It likewise is an endeavor to lessen understanding enduring because of clinical mistakes and help social insurance laborers to settle on better choices in giving quality consideration. The assortment of information can likewise forestall test duplications, delays in medicines and techniques, solution collaborations, mechanize layouts and additionally frames and improve clearness... ...p://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Health_Level_7 Clinical record security. (2010, August 9). Recovered August 10, 2010 from http://epic.org/security/clinical/ Tegan, Anne, et al. The EHR's Impact on HIM Functions. Journal of AHIMA 76, no.5 (May 2005): 56C-H. Sprague, Lisa. (2004, September 29). Electronic wellbeing records; How close? How far to go?Retrieved August 10, 2010 from https://www.nhpf.org/library/issue-briefs/IB800_EHRs.pdf Leavitt, Mark. (2008, September 25). The Positive effects of confirmation †greater than anybody understood. Recovered August 11, 2010 from http://ehrdecisions.com/2008/09/25/the-positive-impacts-of-accreditation %E2%80%93-greater than-anybody understood/ Morton, Mary. (2010). EHR acknowledgment factors in walking care; a study of doctor observations. Recovered August 11, 2010 from http://library.ahima.org/xpedio/gatherings/open/archives/ahima

Review of a Live Theatre Perfomance (Fences by August Wilson) Essay

Audit of a Live Theater Perfomance (Fences by August Wilson) - Essay Example In view of the setting of 1950’s, Fences focuses an African American family. It records their fantasies, distress, achievement and disappointment. Tight-lipped with bunch pictures and images playing inconspicuously all through the play and uncovered at the start and beginning of the plot, ‘Fences’ is certainly a gem and is additionally humanistic. The play remarks on the developing African-American experience and minutely looks at complicatedly the ‘race-relations’ woven inside the plot of the play among numerous different subjects. Partitioned in the middle of two plots, containing four and five scenes separately, the story rotates round the downturn of the Afro-American people group in post world war II period. The play opens on the compensation day of two specialists named Bono and Tory. Both the two characters are significant in the play. Bono and Tory are seen as drinking while at the same time talking. Tory is acquainted with the crowd through his discourse and this structures an extremely interesting style of performing imaginativeness. Tory’s character is uncovered by his demonstration of moving towards his manager Mr. Rand and his inquiry about the forbiddance for the Black men for driving dump trucks. Next, the crowd is acquainted with the other two significant characters of the play, Lyons and Rose, who joined the discussion. With the advancement of the discussion, crowd becomes more acquainted with about the way that Tory once wounded a man which demonstrates a few variations from the norm in his practices. Lyons is a performer by calling who is acquainted with the crowd while he was requesting cash from his dad and was very certain about the way that he will get it from his dad, Tory. Tory renders his child a hard and attempting time by denying the cash however finally the dad concurs. With the improvement of the plot, in the end it is uncovered that Tory engaged in extramarital relations with a lady named Alberta. It is significant

The 7 Most Disastrous Mistakes in a Job Reference List

The 7 Most Disastrous Mistakes in a Job Reference List A reference list could make or break your career.Imagine you are at the end stages of a long interview for your dream job. You feel the interview is going great but a drop of sweat making its way through your forehead betrays your confidence. You want that job so bad!And then you hear that line:‘Alright everything looks great… Hey, do you have a reference list I can check to get a better idea of your work’s history?’STOP!What you do next is crucial. Think about it well.THE PURPOSE OF A REFERENCE LISTGoing through a reference list is your new employer’s chance to have a look at your profile objectively.They want to compare their opinion of you (that they formed only after several meetings) with the opinion of people who worked with you for years.They know your achievements, your work ethic, character, your loyalty, your values, your results and your attitude.What is a reference list?A reference list is a list of contacts comprised from people you have worked with, or worked for.For each party you must include:NamePositionWorkplaceAddressPhone numberEmailWhat are some pro tips to construct a reference list?Ideally you can also include:LinkedIn profile URLThe time period and workplace where you worked togetherA small text which will tell your future employer why you have provided this contact. For example:Even though I have worked for Mrs. Green in the early stages of my career and did not have the same skills back then that I do now, she can vouch for my impeccable work ethic and my conflict resolution skills.I worked with John Brown at Technologica NYC back In 2010 on a project where we negotiated down the prices with our main suppliers. Over the course of two years we saved the company more than $50 000.I worked for Jessica Blue as a freelancer on a marketing campaign to boost up the sales of her local business. She can confirm that for the short period of three months her sales went up by 40%.How many contacts should I provide?For an entry level posi tion you can provide 3-5 contacts, whereas for a more senior position, you will need 5-8 contacts.Why do you really need a reference list?Your future employer will ask you for a reference list for three main purposes.Purpose #1: They want to know if you lied on your CV about experience.Purpose #2: They want to know more about your raw skills and results.Purpose #3: They want to know more about your attitude.When do you need a reference list?Normally you will be asked for a reference list at the end of a successful interview. It is basically the last step before you get a job offer. It is a good idea to have a sheet of paper prepared, but you can also provide it digitally, after the interview. Just don’t be too late!Some employers ask for a reference list at the very beginning, together with your application, motivation letter and CV.However, do not include it readily available in your resume. 66% of employers prefer 1-page resume for entry level positions. For more senior level po sitions that is not the rule, however the volume is expected to come from job and skill descriptions.Some employers will never ask you for anyone’s contacts, however, you are giving yourself the best chance if you come prepared. Make sure you have your paper, and tailor it to the specific employer you are applying for.Don Georgevich will tell you in this video how your reference list should look to match your resume: THE DIRE CONSEQUENCES OF A BAD REFERENCE LISTJeff Shane, the founder Allison Taylor Inc., among many, confesses he receives bad references for job candidates too often. About 50% of the contacts he is exploring do not speak favorably of the candidates.When an employer has limited down the applicants for a job position to two or three, and they receive bad feedback they cannot afford to give the candidates the chance to explain themselves.The stakes are too high. The wrong people do get hired often, and it costs the employer time and money if they are lucky. The highe r the position, the bigger the risks. The company’s reputation could be on the line.It’s a no go.It is almost ironic how people focus so much on building their CV, being charming but strong on their interview, and then it could be all done away with one call to the wrong person.THE 7 WORST PEOPLE TO INCLUDE IN YOUR REFERENCE LIST1. Your ‘boss’It is a common mistake especially among young people, who are taking their first career steps, to trust official titles a little bit too much.Your ‘boss’ is not always the best person to vouch for your skills, your talents or your character.Do not include the person who was supposed to follow up on your work â€" you need the person who actually did. Even your official supervisor might not be the one you reported to.Especially in smaller businesses, a hierarchy could be messy. Provide the contact of the person who actually worked close with you and who knows the value of your work.If asked for a reference your ‘boss’ will…… n ot be engaged in the conversation because they do not know you… sound unconvincing because they do not know your work wellIf asked for a reference the real person you reported to will…… accent on your greatest talents… be able to talk numbers when asked about results… speak convincingly about your work ethic… can answer follow-up questions… will be engaged and would want to contribute to your future wellbeingYou are allowed an exception if… your ‘boss’ is engaged in your work and has the history of helping young talented people from his team continue on their path by providing A-class references.2. Parents or relativesIf you worked in a family business you might be tempted to include a family member as your contact.Don’t do it:No one needs that. It is pointless.The motivation for a person to be a dedicated worker in a family business is quite different from the motivation to pursue their career. It is more often to be there to try to earn a good living for your family than to be working to prove yourself as any sort of specialist.The career you are pursuing is most probably in a completely different field and your experience would be irrelevant.No one will take that seriouslyNo matter how sincerely a relative compliments your skills and how they splurge about your achievements, they will be perceived more as a ‘proud mom’ than as a satisfied employer.The closer the family member, the worse the idea. Add your mom’s phone number and you will be the laughing stock of the day.Some will wonder why you had to do itThe hiring manager may think you lack real references.The hiring manager may think you are trying to balance possible bad feedback from other contacts.We have to say adding friends as make-believe employers is a disaster. CEO of Sewell Development Corp., Preston Wiley, comments it is easy to uncover any such false information and it is more common than most people think.You are allowed an exception if… your relative is really business savvy and can talk objectively about your work. The bigger the family business, the safer you are. In all cases, make sure you provide a disclaimer to the hiring manager and tell them there is a point to your decision to add a family member to your list.3. Your first employerMore often than not the feedback from your first employer will be irrelevant.Are you the same person as you were back then? If you were younger you had a different attitude, different values and different priorities. If you were working while studying you might have been there for the experience. Now that you have a family to feed and spend time with, your approach will have changed.Were you working in the same industry? Your first job was probably a job in the service industry, or an entry-level job at best. Waiting tables is a perfectly respectable thing to do, but it will not be interesting experience for a hiring manager in the IT field.Were you doing the same job? Alright, even if you worked in the same job, you probably did not have the same responsibilities as you do now. You needed a completely different set of skills to perform there and this is what you showed. Your contact will not be able to comment on the skills you need to prove you have now.You are allowed an exception if… you answered ‘Yes’ to all three questions above. If you feel like your perspective has not changed too much and if you feel strongly your experience is relevant, go for it.4. Someone who fired youIt is a common misconception that you have to provide a contact for all positions you have worked in.You don’t.You might be trying to justify referencing someone who fired you like so:‘My future employer will want to know about my best and worst moments.’‘The hiring manager will feel like I am hiding things’Bad. Idea.What to do instead:If it comes up, you can address it on the interview. Say that you wanted to give yourself your best chance to get this job because you really want it. You s tand by your behavior on that position and you feel sad it ended badly. But you would find it unfair if that one situation stood between you and your new dream job.It is a logic every hiring manager should understand. If they don’t, maybe you are better off. You need to work with people who show understanding and common sense towards their employees.if it doesn’t come up, keep it on the down low.You are allowed an exception if… your hiring manager asked for a complete list of contacts from every workplace on your CV. Still feel free to provide a disclaimer, as it is explained in the intro. Tell the hiring manager what this contact will give them as information. Try to steer the conversation in your favor â€" recommend they ask the contact for undeniable successes of yours on that position. That will soften the blow and keep the conversation objective.5. The one who never gave you that promotionThis is a tricky one to detect. It would probably be more relevant for you if you ar e applying for a senior position.When you are at that level chances are you probably have stacked a few corporate jobs in your CV with a heavy organizational structure and strict rules.It is not uncommon that you felt stuck there with little chance of promotion or internal mobility.You had that direct manager that loved your work so much and yet this information never got to the upper levels. You had your suspicions about them taking credit for your achievements.But they were most definitely holding you back. You are probably not paranoid about this. There is a high chance they don’t want you to surpass them. They want to keep you down, because you are threatening their ego.They will not happily recommend your work. They will be dismissive and detrimental to your achievements.Such a conversation could be very toxic to your next career steps.You are allowed an exception if… you have had the chance to address the situation and your concerns on the interview. Still, you are taking a great risk because this person will probably sound very convincing â€" remember they successfully held you back once. The risk is twice as high here because the concern is mostly applicable to high level senior positions.6. Anyone who will not sound convincingPut yourself in the shoes of a hiring manager. You would be contacting strangers with a request for information. And while you want to keep an open mind, you have your suspicions.The stranger would be what stands between a motivated job candidate and their desired job. You will be giving that stranger a lot of power.That explains the phenomenon that bad feedback is accepted as more sincere. A dishonest person would prefer to please a friend and say nice things about them.Good feedback would raise some suspicions if it is not backed up by facts. After all an embellished skill set is the most common lie they catch applicants in.The point is you should never put that power in the hands of someone who would not sound convincing:A nyone who has difficulties expressing themselves. They have always been a little socially awkward and even if they have the best intentions, they will not be your best bet.Anyone who is too busy. Your boss from two years ago is a great person and you did so much for them and kept them happy. But they never had more than 2 minutes for a conversation? Not a good choice. Scratch that name.Anyone who is not qualified to speak about your work. That customer for whom you created a brilliant logo â€" will they be able to say more than just that they were ‘very happy with it’?Your contact has to know how to recommend your work â€" the happiest team lead can be damaging to your rep if they get flustered or distracted and say the wrong thing.Regardless of how much you worked for a customer, even if it is your best work, if they are not convinced of the result, they have no place on your reference list.You are allowed an exception if… you have provided the hiring manager with an indicati on what questions they should ask that contact. Even the most difficult to understand person can answer ‘yes’ or ‘no’ questions, for example. Provide the facts in advance and leave the contact the confirmation.7. Just anyoneUnderstand this correctly: You ARE allowed to put people different from your boss, your team lead or your direct manager on the list.It could be your:Colleague.CustomerAcademic advisor.Business partner.Long-term employee.Of course there are conditions:You have to have had a significant impact on their work and/or life. For a short term relationship, you better have numbers they can confirm. For a long term relationship, their opinion will be important to vouch for you being consistent.They have to be available. Don’t ask a busy boss, a new mom, or someone who left the country to be your contact. They will not be able to provide quality feedback for your case.They have to be relevant to your new career step. Your academic advisor will only be relevant if you are applying for a job where your scientific background would come in handy. Your long-term employee will be important to talk to if you are applying for a position where people managing skills are a requirement.You are allowed an exception if… you think about it long and hard and you can justify it. You are allowed to think out of the box if you have arguments to back your decision up. You cannot take impulsive decisions about your career.For more bad (and good) ideas watch this video, produced by Vice: THE WORST POSSIBLE MISTAKES IN A JOB REFERENCE LISTNeglect to warn your contactsAlways call to check in with someone if you are about to use them on your reference list. Be nice and respectful. They are doing you a favor.Show interest in how they are doing and promise to return the favor if you ever have the chance.Forget to update the contact infoSomeone changed their phone number or email?There is nothing worse than missing the opportunity to impress your future boss becaus e of a simple mistake like this.It looks bad.A) It looks like you are putting fake fillers in your reference list OR B) it looks like you are not doing your best to get the job from the very beginning.Neglect to diversify your referencesThis article has already given you a pretty good idea who not to include in your reference list.However, that does not mean you should only choose one type of contacts to add. A list of straight supervisors is boring. Ideally do add your relevant customers and colleagues.Neglect to personalize your reference listYour contacts MUST be relevant to the position you are applying for. Check your list before your important interview.Warn the contacts what you are applying for and what information they will be supposed to validate. Add relevant experience and achievements only.Provide too few contactsUnless you are in the very beginning of your career path, you should be able to provide a healthy amount of contacts that could vouch for your skills and chara cter.Again, for an entry level job, aim for 3-5 contacts. For a senior position give out 5-8 contacts.Provide too many contactsEach and every one of the entries in your list must be there for a reason. Do not drown the interviewer in information.You could not have more than 10 skills to prove and therefore not more than 10 people to talk to.Do not add people whose purpose is redundant. Make sure your best recommendations will come first on the list.Burn your bridgesSay thanks! If you get the job, get in touch with your contacts again.Get some info â€" what were they asked for, what did they say, how long did they talk for?Ask if you could use their contact in the future and if you could ever repay them.Neglect a failureLet’s say your interview went perfect. You said ‘Goodbye’ with a smile to the interviewer and you were supposed to wait for that job offer… and it never came. A week later you receive an email you are no longer considered.There is a possibility someone of your contacts dropped the ball on you. Investigate. And throw them out from your list. They are not beneficial for you. And you cannot afford for this situation to be repeated.CONCLUSIONA call to the right person can always put the odds in your favor:The hiring manager knows they cannot always be objective. Job candidates with impressive charisma may turn out to have poor performance or poor attitude towards the job. A contact from your reference list will be able to tell from experience.Make sure you take special care of your list. Build it with care and personalize it to your applications.Keep being friendly to your contacts. They owe you nothing. They are doing you a great favor. Be nice and repay it if you have the chance.A reference list has great power, but it cannot guarantee you landing the perfect job. As with everything else, when it comes to your career, you just need to make sure you are giving yourself the best chance. Because you deserve it.

William Shakespeare s Romeo And Juliet Essay - 2124 Words

Society loves putting people into a box and pre-determining their destinies based on background, race, and other damaging stereotypes; this confines people to their understanding of what they are worth and how much they will get out of life with that worth. Patriarchal societies are typically all that we see in modern day, and when looking at a patriarchal society, normally, men are the providers while women are the nurturers. It is believed that a woman’s place is in the house to mother the children and to take care of the house, and men are expected to be the bread-winner. For most of recorded history, these assumptive roles were filled by men and women who did not know better. However, as times have progressed, people are challenging these roles; yes, there are women that are innately nurturing and men that are innately protective, but there are also people in this world who want more out of life than what they are expected to do. Juliet from Shakespeare’s Romeo and Juliet grew up in a society where it was not normal to fight against the standards for women. She is a young girl that plays into the idea of love, marriage, and being a wife in the aristocratic world of Renaissance Verona, and the relationship between Romeo and Juliet has come to represent this idea of true love and sacrifice. And for centuries, Juliet has been played into this young, naà ¯ve girl who is swept off her feet by some guy at a party. The audience and popular culture have forgotten that both RomeoShow MoreRelatedWilliam Shakespeare s Romeo And Juliet1287 Words   |  6 PagesLizzy Baginski English Composition 2 Mr. Spera March 10, 2015 Romeo and Juliet Research Paper The movie Romeo and Juliet is a modern classic film that took place in 1996. Overall this is a timeless story that everyone should go and watch. This movie has an intriguing plot line that tells the story of two feuding families, The Montagues and The Capulets, and how the children of these two different families fall in love. The two children overcome various obstacles such as hiding their chemistry fromRead MoreWilliam Shakespeare s Romeo And Juliet 966 Words   |  4 Pages Beauty Over Gold â€Å"Beauty provoketh thieves sooner than gold.--William Shakespeare, 1623. In his book As You Like It, William Shakespeare pointed out the supremacy of love rather than the want of gold and wealth. Truly, beauty is more important to thieves than wealth. Many of the thieves in this world would rather have an elegant woman than to obtain precious rubies. After all, what good is a prosperous man if he doesn’t have a charming woman? Two famous men grab my attention who didn’t fear forRead MoreWilliam Shakespeare s Romeo And Juliet Essay1024 Words   |  5 PagesRomeo and Juliet is a tragedy written by William Shakespeare early in his career about two young star-crossed lovers whose deaths ultimately reconcile their feuding families. It was among Shakespeare s most popular plays during his lifetime and, along with Hamlet, is one of his most frequently performed plays. Today, the title characters are regarded as archetypal young lovers. Romeo and Juliet belongs to a tradition of tragic romances stretching back to antiquity. The plot is based on an ItalianRead MoreWilliam Shakespeare s Romeo And Juliet1124 Words   |  5 PagesThe play Romeo and Juliet is a tragedy written by William Shakespeare early in his career about two young star-crossed lovers whose deaths ultimately reconcile their feuding families. 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Chapter One The Duel And The Dinner - 1336 Words

Out of the six chapters, I prefer to write about Chapter One and Two: The Duel and The Dinner. This book was very intriguing and helped in the understanding of the post-revolutionary America and the lives of the founding brothers and what they went through. Chapter One: The Duel was a well-known duel in American history. Aaron Burr and Alexander Hamilton. July 11, 1804 is the exact date when the duel took place. It was presumed to have taken place in Weehawken, New Jersey; when in actuality, the duel really took place on a ledge above the water near Weehawken. This isolated spot was foolproof for illegal acts like this. Hamilton ends up dying because of Burr. Burr shot him from a distance. The bullet hit a rib and then ricocheted off into his spine mortally wounding Hamilton. Hamilton was the one that chose the position and the weapons for the duel, but the public thought that Burr killed him in cold blood. The public also started to call Burr the new Benedict Arnold. (B enedict Arnold was considered a traitor.) Burr was never harmed in the whole incident. Because everyone thought Burr was the initiator, he had to leave the city and this was the decline of his political power. Both of these men’s reputations were failing by 1804. Hamilton was appointed the first Secretary of Treasury under George Washington after the Revolutionary War. The Federalist Party was in decline and Hamilton did not hold office for approximately ten years. Burr lost the supportShow MoreRelatedFounding Brothers : The Revolutionary Generation Essay1261 Words   |  6 PagesJoseph J. Ellis, American historian and novelist has written many awards winning novels. One of his most recognized, â€Å"American Sphinx†, winner many prestigious awards such as the National Book Award for Non-Fiction in 1997, and the Ambassador Book Award for Biography in 1998. His Pulitzer Prize winning novel, â€Å"Founding Brothers: The Revolutionary Generation†, talks abou t the founding fathers’ interactions with each other in the decades that followed the Constitutional Convention of 1787. DuringRead MoreBook Review: Founding Brothers by Joseph Ellis Essay1437 Words   |  6 PagesBrothers by Joseph Ellis, the author relates the stories of six crucial historic events that manage to capture the flavor and fervor of the revolutionary generation and its great leaders. While each chapter or story can be read separately and completely understood, they do relate to a broader common theme. One of Ellis main purposes in writing the book was to illustrate the early stages and tribulations of the American government and its system through his use of well blended stories. The idea that aRead MoreSummary Of Founding Brothers : The Revolutionary Generation By Joseph J. Ellis1377 Words   |  6 Pagesinfluenced and were influenced by the unstable era in which they happened to live in. Through the six chapters and preface, Ellis examines the key revolutionary leaders, the problems they faced, their ideas and thoughts on these issues, and how they were human and capable of failure, not just legendary figures destined for success. Ellis describes the many ongoing motives for the Hamilton-Burr duel, the political ideas and compromises on handling the new nation’s economy, the controversy on the issueRead More Joseph J. Ellis Founding Brothers : The Revoluntary Generation654 Words   |  3 Pagescombines our founding fathers weakness’ and strongest abilities in just six chapters. His six chapters tell the stories of: The duel between Alexander Hamilton and Aaron Burr. This entertaining chapter describes how duels were undertaken and played out in that time, and helps the reader understand both mens motives. 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His books have brought his name into one of remembrance as his books have gone on to win the Pulitzer Prize, National Book Award, and NewRead MoreFounding Brothers1172 Words   |  5 Pagesthe New Constitution states on the asset side bountiful continent an ocean away from European conflict; young population of nearly 4 million, about half of it sixteen years of age or younger and to grow exponentionally and on the liabilities side no one established republican government on the scale of the US and judgment of the most respected authorities was that it couldn’t be done, second dominant intellectual legacy of Revolution, in the Declaration of Independence, stigmatized all politicalRead MoreThe Revolutionary Generation : Joseph J. Ellis1516 Words   |  7 Pagesare divided into six chapters which are The Duel, The Dinner, The Silence, The Farewell, The Collaborators, and The Friendship (The Founding Brothers). As you read the chapter names you see how it all started terribly; they really did not care for each other, but they had to settle their differences in order to keep the United States strong. Chapter one The Duel details about the argument that turned into a duel between Alexander Hamilton and Aaron Burr. This fight was one for the books as you readRead MoreNotes On The Brothers Notes836 Words   |  4 PagesMadeline Wilson Founding Brothers Notes Chapter One: The Duel †¢ Hamilton Vs. Burr o Burr was vice president of the us †¢ Morning of July 11, 1804 †¢ Plains of Weehawken o Actually occurred on a small ledge popular for duels due to its seclusion †¢ Dr. David Hosack and associate Nathaniel Pendleton accompanied Hamilton †¢ Burr brought William Van Ness, his associate, with him. †¢ Burr had dark hair, dark skin and dark eyes †¢ Unlike Hamilton who had a fair complexion, red hair and blue eyes. †¢ Burr hadRead MoreFounding Fathers Reflections : The Generation1398 Words   |  6 PagesErin Tran Period 4 Founding Fathers Reflections Preface: The Generation In the first few pages of this chapter, I thought it was interesting that Ellis really goes into detail about hindsight and far sight saying that because of hindsight, many of the founders could only see the goal of being independent. However there were some that saw the plentiful amount of resources and the potential America had to form a government. But all of the Founding Fathers were not sure that they would winRead MoreAp Us Questions1624 Words   |  7 Pageslives illuminate? (Hint: there are four.) Theme One: The diversity of the personalities that were represented. Theme Two: All of the founding fathers knew each other personally. Theme Three: The subject of slavery was not talked about so that peace was maintained in the republic. Theme Four: The founding fathers knew what they would be doing for the country and their importance in the change of history. The Duel 5. How did the characters and the duel represent political development of the early

Caring for the individuals with dementia Free Essays

Currently, incidences of disruptive behavioural problems such as agitation, aggression, rest-activity pattern and sleep wake disturbance are reported to be high in people with dementia. The specific determinants of disruptive behaviour are still unclear but predisposing factors are considered to be associated with the external factors such as the negative staff attitudes and environment. Actually, disruptive behaviour is an umbrella that describes behaviours such as throwing objects, hoarding, resisting care, self abuse, wandering, repetitious verbalization, aggression and general agitation. We will write a custom essay sample on Caring for the individuals with dementia or any similar topic only for you Order Now Prevalence of aggressive behaviour has been considered as a subset of disruptive behaviour among individuals with dementia in long-term care facilities as 86. 3% has been reported. (Ryder et al. 1991). According to studies on cognitively intact residents and residents with dementia, shows a consistently higher prevalence of behaviours. This paper presents research literature to support the role of a positive environment including attitudes and staff interaction in the aggressive individuals with dementia. Importance of a positive environment including staff interaction and attitudes towards the aggressive individuals with dementia Environment has been increasingly recognized as a significant therapeutic element in care of individuals with dementia. In the last decade, it has been realized that environment plays a significant role in reducing the disruptive behaviour, increasing the functional ability of the individuals with dementia, as well as improving their quality of life. Problem behaviour in dementia is associated with deficits in the executive control functions of the frontal lobe. However, complex behaviours seen in individuals with dementia are as a result of multiple, over-learned routines the environmental stimuli triggers. The executive control functions orchestrate the routines into coherent goal-directed behaviours which in turn contribute to the expression of the required habitual response while limiting the unrequited responses. It therefore means that failure of executive control function leads to distractibility and overdependence on environmental factors or can even lead to apathy and environmental indifferences. However in any case modification of social and physical environment can reduce behaviours that are not required and can elicit the desired behaviours effectively. Moreover, environment is the major component in progressively lowered stress threshold model. (Sife, 1998). Subject to the model, since the ability to adapt in individuals with dementia declines as the dementia progresses, the care givers should reduce the environmental demands to ensure that the level of the environmental demands is congruent with the abilities of individuals with dementia. Basically, disruptive behaviours are more often when the stress threshold of an individual is exceeded. Most of the intervention strategies given in the literature engage manipulation of physical and social environments to meet the unique needs and personalities of individuals with dementia. Following the recognition of the important role of environment to individuals with dementia, many long-term care facilities have come up with special care units that give a total supportive milieu for them. Following the increase of such special care units design guidelines such as recommendation for both social and physical environments have been developed to ensure that the environment provided by the facilities enhanced the well-being and personhood of individuals with dementia. (Morgan Stewart1997). However, since there is no empirical data, the special care unit design manuals are based on extrapolations and clinical experience. Predictability and structure are the important aspects of the environment in which individuals with dementia live. The daily routines that reflect the rhythm of the society are predictable, and with a chance to rest and opportunity for activity, individuals are kept in touch, thus promoting their well being. Patient-centred dementia care is the recommended approach in caring individuals with dementia as it focuses on independence, it is value-driven, and it is concerned with the empowerment and well being of individuals with dementia and their families. Moreover the patient-centred care makes the individuals to feel socially confident, valued and supported thus creating personhood which is described by Kitwood (1997a) as a status that is bestowed in individuals by others within the society in the context of social being and relationship. Care for the individuals with dementia should focus on maintaining the personhood in the face of the individuals whose mental powers is failing. (Kitwood, 1996). Paying attention to personhood involves recognizing the centrality of the relationship and the uniqueness of the individuals as well as the fact of the embodiment. It therefore means that dementia care that is only involved with the dementia as the disease and its treatment has nothing to do with the patient’s personhood, damages the patient, and treats as a passive object rather than a human being. Patient-centred dementia care is recommended as it is based on the ethic that regardless of disabilities, all human beings have absolute value and need to be respected, and on the convictions that just like all other human beings, people with dementia are capable of living a fulfilling live. (Kitwood, 1999). The principle central to patient-centred dementia care is that the life experience of the individuals, their network relationships and unique personalities should be valued and considered with constant attention by the staff giving the care. This is based on the observation that once dementia is presentation it can never be reduced to the neuropathological damage effects, instead, it is a combination of factors such as social psychology, neurological impairment, physical health, biography and personality. Focusing on the losses or deterioration of the patients with dementia reinforces negative perceptions, progression of dementia and its treatment. Based on several studies, self-esteem is considered as a necessity for the well being of individuals with dementia. (Thorngate, 1999). Patient-centred dementia care is concerned with establishment and maintenance of positive and supportive social environment for individuals with dementia. In the context of this care, the personhood of the individuals is established through strengthening of the individuals positive feelings, promoting the healing of psychic wound and nurturing the individuals skills or abilities. Generation and sustenance of positive interaction used singly or together, secure and stable relations, replenishes the personhood of individuals with dementia constantly. Some of the psychotherapeutic techniques that promote these relationships include: facilitation which involves providing the missing parts of action to enable the individuals to do what they would not have done, holding which involve providing physical and psychological space for the individuals to expose vulnerability and tension, and validation which involves the accepting reality – the fact that they have dementia- and the feeling of being connected, alive and real. Actually, caring for individuals with dementia possess challenges to the care giver in all environments probably because the condition is characterized by progressive brain damage making creating difficulties in their communication, remembering things and to think clearly. Because dementia is associated with swing s in moods, and changes in behaviour and personality, the staff and other care providers should develop positive attitudes when dealing with the troubling behaviour such as aggressiveness and communication difficulties encountered while providing the care. Aggressive behaviour among individuals with dementia continues to burden and challenge the caregivers in special care units and nursing homes. It therefore means that working in such facilities increases the risks of experiencing aggression. Actually, aggression is associated with older people with cognitive impairment than individuals with no cognitive behaviour. The staffs in long-term care facility and nursing home are required to set a positive mood for interaction. The body language and attitude communicates the thought and feeling of an individual better than words. The positive mood is set by speaking to the individuals in a respectful and pleasant way. To show affection and to convey message, the staff should use tone of voice and facial expression. Studies show both positive and negative attitude of staff towards the aggressive behaviour of individuals with dementia. These two domains are consistent with the theory of planned behaviour which suggests that attitudes follow from the beliefs held by individuals about the attitude’s object just as actions and intentions follow from attitudes. (Ajzen, 1998, p. 32). Although the personality traits and attitudes are similar in a way, attitudes are more malleable and they can change unlike the personality traits. This means that although most of the caregivers’ attitudes toward aggressive individuals with dementia are negative, they can be changed through appropriate training. Negative and positive attitudes are associated with various forms of care used to prevent the aggressive behaviour from continuing. Acknowledging the relationship between care for individuals with dementia and attitudes, and indication of the effectiveness the positive needs-based approach in reducing aggression can prompt change in the attitudes of the staff. According to the findings of the study carried out by Nakahira et al. (2008, pp. 13 on attitudes towards dementia-related aggression among staff, staff characteristics such as level of education, years of experience, position, occupation and age are related to their attitudes. Staffs with higher position, more clinical experience and the older ones have positive attitudes towards patients’ aggression. It is therefore believed that education factors, and clinical experience influences the attitudes of the staff towards patient’s aggression hence appropriate education can be used to influence the negative attitudes of the staff towards aggressive individuals with dementia Based on the findings of the study carried out by Middleton et al. (1999) carried out to compare the staff’s attitude towards aggressive behaviour of patients with dementia in traditional unit and in special care unit, the staffs from the special care unit have sympathetic towards aggressive individuals with dementia than the staff in traditional unit. Although aggressive behaviour is more in special care unit than in traditional unit, the staff at the special care unit understands that the behaviours are part of the dementia disease thus they do not feel that the patients intentionally directs the aggressiveness towards them as is it believed by staffs in traditional unit. Furthermore, the staffs’ attitudes and decision-making can be influenced by organisational factors. Staffs working in dementia units of gerontological and mental hospitals within acute hospitals have negative attitudes towards aggressive patients. By measuring the attitudes of staff towards aggressive individual s with dementia, areas requiring skill improvement or education can be identified and it can be used over time to monitors changes in attitudes. Staff education to change the negative attitudes should advocate that there are possibilities of unmet needs among individuals with dementia, and that aggressive behaviour is a form of communication used by the patient and that efforts to understand the message conveyed by the patient, and attempts to meet the possibly unmet needs lowers the aggression incidences. Conclusion Incidences of disruptive behavioural problems such as agitation, aggression, rest-activity pattern and sleep wake disturbance are reported to be high in people with dementia. The specific determinants of disruptive behaviour are still unclear but predisposing factors are considered to be associated with the external factors such as the negative staff attitudes and environment. Environment has been increasingly recognized as a significant therapeutic element in care of individuals with dementia. Moreover, it is the major component in progressively lowered stress threshold model which states that the ability to adapt in individuals with dementia declines as the dementia progresses, the care givers should reduce the environmental demands to ensure that the level of the environmental demands is congruent with the abilities of individuals with dementia. Basically, disruptive behaviours are more often when the stress threshold of an individual is exceeded. Most of the intervention strategies given in the literature engage manipulation of physical and social environments to meet the unique needs and personalities of individuals with dementia. Patient-centred dementia care is recommended as it is based on the ethic that regardless of disabilities, all human beings have absolute value and need to be respected, and on the convictions that just like all other human beings, people with dementia are capable of living a fulfilling live. The principle central to patient-centred dementia care is that the life experience of the individuals, their network relationships and unique personalities should be valued and considered with constant attention by the staff giving the care. Staff education to change the negative attitudes should advocate that there are possibilities of unmet needs among individuals with dementia, and that aggressive behaviours are forms of communication used by the patient and that efforts to understand the message conveyed by the patient, and attempts to meet the possibly unmet needs lowers the aggression incidences. References: Ajzen, I (1988). Attitudes, behaviour and personality. Buckingham: Open University. Kitwood, T (1996). Building up mosaic of good practice. J DementCAre, 3, 12-13. Kitwood, T (1999). When your heart wants to remember: person- centred dementia care in RCN Nursing update. Nursing standards, 13, 1-22. Kitwood, T. (1997a). Dementia reconsidered: the person comes first. Buckingham: Open University, pp. 7-8, 91, Middle ton JI, Stewart NJ Richardson. (1999) Caregivers distress; related to disruptive behaviours on special care units versus traditional long-term care units. Journal of Gerontological Nursing 25, 11-19. Morgan, D.G., Stewart, N.J. (1997). The importance of the social environment in Dementia care. Western Journal of Nursing Research, 19(6), 740-761 Nakahira, Miwa, Moyle, Wedy, Creedy, Debra and Hitomi, Hiroe. (2008). Attitudes towards dementia-related aggression among staff among Japanese aged care setting. Clinical Nursing Journal, 18, 807- 816. Ryden, M, Bossenmaier, M and McLahlan, C (1991). Aggressive behaviour in cognitively impaired home residents.   Research in Nursing and Health14, 87-95. Sife, W (1998).   After stroke: enhancing quality of life. New York: Haworth, pp. 129-42 Thorngate W (1999).   Forget me not: some comments on  Ã‚  Ã‚   self-esteem among Alzheimer’s sufferers. Culture and Psychology, 5, 33-39. How to cite Caring for the individuals with dementia, Papers

Compare and contrast the codes and conventions of sitcoms Essay Example

Compare and contrast the codes and conventions of sitcoms Paper A Situation comedy or sit-com as we know is based on real life non-fictional events and situations. There are many different elements that make sit-coms what they are. Sit-coms tend to revolve around two basic situations, within these situations, comedy is generated. These situations are usually located at home with family and at work. Some main sitcoms at present are Friends, My family and Alley Mcbeal. The family is portrayed as a stable situation able to bear the outside world because its strength comes from within. Despite the audience expectations a sit-com episode is mostly a self-contained classical narrative and is set in the same way. The settings tend to be interiors; this is usually because it is filmed in front of a live audience so they cant go from place to place. This also keeps down the cost of set construction and location shooting which makes sit-coms so appealing to television companies. The plots also tend to be based around very few characters. The characters themselves tend to be over exaggerated, stereotypical people, typical examples: The smart, witty, sarcastic character e. g. Chandler in Friends, Fraiser and Niles in Fraiser. There are usually un-intelligent and a not so bright, and there is usually somebody attractive whether it is a male or female to appeal to everyone. I will do a comparison of a British and American sitcom and see how their conventions work, based Fawlty Towers and Friends. During the mid 50s rivalry developed between the BBC and the fairly recently launched ITV. We will write a custom essay sample on Compare and contrast the codes and conventions of sitcoms specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Compare and contrast the codes and conventions of sitcoms specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Compare and contrast the codes and conventions of sitcoms specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer ITV was broadcasting the popular American sitcom called I Love Lucy, the BBC soon found that it was loosing viewers to ITV and therefore boosted production of sitcoms that include: Hancocks Half Hour, Dads army, Fawlty Towers, Porridge and many more which are still popular today. I love Lucy sparked off the production off these British sitcoms and maybe if it hadnt been broadcasted here in Britain then probably none of these famous British sitcoms would have been made. These sitcoms, however, differ quite significantly due to the country, which they originate from. The difference is due to the countrys culture and social background; we can explore this by viewing an American sitcom, Friends, and a British sitcom, Fawlty Towers. Fawlty Towers and Friends are two very successful sitcoms but if we investigate further into the two we find that they both have different impacts on the audience as some methods of creating humour differ. One of the main differences of the two, outside of creating humour, is that they are both based in different countries and different times. Friends is based on the youthful, vibrant city of New York, USA based in the late 90s, whereas Fawlty Towers is based in the retired, quiet town of Torquay based in the mid 70s. I will investigate both sitcoms by analysing each using characterisation, types of humour used, plot and mis-en-sci ne. Mis-en-sci ne is looking at how the sitcom is constructed, by setting, props, non-verbal communication and dress codes. Fawlty Towers is based in Torquay and is a hotel run by Basil Fawlty and his wife Sybil Fawlty also two other main characters are Polly and Manual who work at the hotel. Basil is a comic but key character; he plays a vital role in fawlty towers, Basil addresses a sarcastic approach most of the time when he is frustrated, worried or angered; when things do not go his way, and also when talking to people that he considers less respected than him e. g. : Manual, Polly etc. He also has the perfect image of what fawlty towers should be: successful and popular especially with the higher class. This causes him to constantly think about himself and the reputation of himself and the hotel. The humour which basil creates is usually physical; he is a tall man and walks with strides, which makes him stand out from everyone else. Sybil, Basils wife, who seems to be authoritative and firm with Basil this maybe due to the fact that she is usually more friendly and therefore more popular with guests and staff therefore they look up to her, more so than Basil. Basil also may be afraid that she might leave him and to prevent this he tries to be kind and obeys her commands but usually frustration or confusion get in the way which may create humour. Sybil herself is an elegant and well-presented woman, the fact that she is married to Basil, who may be the complete opposite, makes the sitcom more entertaining as it causes great confusion, lack of communication which leads to arguments between the couple which all create humour in different ways. Polly is a young well-mannered girl working temporarily at the hotel. She is polite and acts respectful to guests and staff a lot like Sybil but with a lot less experience of working in a hotel. The fact that she is a lot like Sybil again causes a slight inability to communicate to Basil, as he differs greatly, especially in front of guests, which creates humour. Polly is the youngest in the Fawlty Towers and lacks experience in the Hotel Business because of this she is usually ignored by Basil who considers her to be incapable of thinking of good ideas and doing things no matter how hard she works. Although she is the youngest main character in Fawlty Towers, she is actually not that young compared to Friends. This shows us that Friends is aimed at the youthful generation where as Fawlty Towers is aimed at the older generation. Fawlty Towers produces many different types of humour purely due to the characteristics of the main characters. If one of the characters were taken out of fawlty towers it wouldnt be able to achieve all of the types of humour it currently contains. For example, Basils role in the sitcom is to provide verbal wit, ludicrous and preposterous humour. Without this role its unlikely he could have made Fawlty Towers so popular. The humour used is very corny however is what works to make the audience want more, we hear canned laughter which also takes place a lot in Friends to prove when the audience should laugh and find something funny there is a laughter in the background. Friends is an organic plot. This means that the plots are not in such strict logic or structure, because of this it is apparent that we drop in every week to observe how each character is coping with their private lives and what they do in certain situations. The impression is given that the characters are there all the time but we view them at an unstructured and unedited part of their daily lives. This may be the case with friends but it is not, however, with fawlty towers. In fawlty towers the whole episode is based around a certain event and only, usually, contains one narrative whereas friends contains two or three narratives. In Friends various characters can relate to characters in friends; Joey and maybe Phoebe can relate to Manuel as they all create humour without meaning to. Chandler can relate to Basil as they both create sarcasm, irony and verbal wit therefore creating humour purposefully. Joey is a comic and youthful character as his main role in the sitcom is to create humour. This contrast of characteristics among the characters makes the sitcom more entertaining rather then them all being all the same which would make it less interesting as their lives would be similar. There are no main characters in Friends unlike Fawlty towers where the episode is normally set around Basil. In friends all of the characters are equal, there are exactly three girls and three boys and what one character has another one lacks. For example Joey is not clever but is fashionable and is a womaniser where as Chandler is clever but is not much of a womaniser. Both Friends and Fawlty Towers have the catchy theme tune in the beginning to set the scene, which gets the audience going before they start watching the sitcom. The aim of a sitcom is to make an audience laugh, by using stereotypes the viewer finds the characters funny due to them doing actions or saying something that reminds them of themselves or someone they know. The main contents of a successful sitcom are the characters, the way each character interacts with one another with a sitcom, the audience gets to know the characters, and know what to expect from them. The setting of a sitcom is generally in a similar environment that most people would go to, e. g. Scrubs is based in the workplace, Men Behaving Badly is set in a flat and the characters from Friends either meet up in a cafi or in their apartments.